单增李斯特菌感染胎盘相关毒力因子的研究进展

Placenta-specific virulence factors involved in Listeria monocytogenes infection

摘要:

单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌（Listeria monocytogenes，LM）是一种可引起李斯特菌病的食源性致病菌。由于妊娠相关免疫缺陷和LM对非吞噬细胞独特的细胞内感染能力，孕妇是LM的主要目标人群。LM可穿过胎盘屏障，对胎儿造成重大伤害，包括早产、流产甚至死产。胎盘特异性毒力因子的作用对LM感染期间穿过胎盘屏障并感染胎儿尤为重要。文中介绍了国内外近年在孕妇中发生LM感染的事件，详细讨论了LM垂直传播以及在胎盘定殖机制方面的研究进展，着重讨论并分析了LM与感染胎盘相关毒力因子的最新发现，以期为今后防控LM的胎盘感染并保障食品安全提供参考。

Abstract:

Listeria monocytogenes (LM) is a food-borne pathogen that can cause listeriosis. Pregnant women are main target population of listeriosis due to pregnancy-associated immune deficiency and unique intracellular infection ability of LM to non-phagocytic cells. LM can cross the placental barrier and cause significant harm to the fetus, including premature birth, miscarriage and even stillbirth. The role of placenta-specific virulence factors is particularly important for researchers to understand how it crosses the placental barrier and infects the fetus during LM infection. This review started by describing the listeriosis in pregnant women, followed by summarizing the advances in understanding the LM vertical transplacental infection and the mechanism of LM colonization in the placenta. Finally, recent advances in identifying placenta-specific virulence factors involved in LM infections were presented, with the aim to facilitate the control of LM transplacental infection and the improvement of food safety.