嗜盐微生物在生物医药领域的应用研究进展

Advances in the biomedical application research of halophilic microorganisms

摘要:

近年来抗生素耐药性问题日趋严重，患癌人数也在逐年增加，亟需开发新型药物。嗜盐微生物作为一类特殊的极端环境微生物，具有代谢多样性丰富、营养需求较低和能适应恶劣条件等特点，是发现新型药物的希望。目前，国内外学者已从嗜盐微生物中分离出了多种代谢产物和酶，具有明显的抗菌和/或抗肿瘤等活性。文中综述了嗜盐微生物及其相关产物在抗菌、抗炎、抗肿瘤、抗氧化、生物医学材料以及药物载体等生物医学方面的作用，尤其对近年来在嗜盐微生物中发现的新型抗菌和抗肿瘤物质以及嗜盐微生物特有的代谢产物四氢嘧啶等进行了总结，并对其后续在生物医药领域的开发和产业化应用进行了展望。

Abstract:

In recent years, antibiotic resistance has become increasingly serious, and the number of cancer patients keeps increasing. There is an urgent need to develop new drugs with antibacterial and antitumor effects. Halophilic microorganisms are a special group of microorganisms living in extreme environment. They have the characteristics of metabolic diversity, low nutritional requirements and adaptability to harsh conditions, thus can serve as promising candidates for new drug discovery. To date, researchers have isolated a variety of metabolites and enzymes with antibacterial and/or antitumor activities from halophilic microorganisms. This review summarized the functions and potential biomedical applications of halophilic microorganisms and their related products, such as antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antioxidant, biomedical materials and drug carriers. In particular, novel antibacterial and antitumor substances recently discovered in halophilic microorganisms, as well as the biomedical applications of ectoine, a unique metabolite found in halophilic microorganisms, were introduced. Finally, future development and utilization of halophilic microorganisms in biomedical and industrial fields were prospected.