组织器官脱细胞支架的制备及研究进展

Preparation of tissue and organ decellularized scaffolds: a review

摘要:

脱细胞基质（decellularized extracellular matrix，dECM）旨在去除引起免疫排斥的细胞，保留原组织结构和成分。由于其具有与原组织器官相似的结构和成分，在组织工程和生物医学的应用上受到广泛关注，已成为一种很有前景的生物医学材料。通过适当的脱细胞方法，dECM很容易能够从组织器官中获得。文中总结了脱细胞的方法及最新研究进展，同时对脱细胞后支架灭菌、交联和保存的方式进行综述，概括了不同组织器官获得的脱细胞支架的最新应用及进展。最后对脱细胞支架目前面临的问题和挑战进行分析，并展望了未来的发展趋势。

关键词:脱细胞;组织工程;再生医学;生物医学

Abstract:

Decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) is designed to remove cells that cause immune rejection and retain the original tissue structure and composition. Since its structure and composition are similar to the original tissues and organs, it has attracted extensive attention in tissue engineering and biomedicine applications, and has become a promising tissue engineering material. dECM can be easily obtained from tissues and organs by appropriate decellularization methods. Here, we summarized the commonly used decellularization methods and reviewed the sterilization, cross-linking and storage methods of decellularized scaffold. In addition, we summarized the latest applications and developments of dECMs obtained from different tissues/organs in tissue engineering and biomedicine. Finally, we discussed the present challenges of dECM biomaterials and prospected future perspectives. With the development of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine technology, dECM biomaterials are expected to become a gold scaffold in the field of biomedicine and will receive wide applications.

Key words:decellularization;tissue engineering;regenerative medicine;biomedicine