保护性病毒抗原的筛选策略及其在新型疫苗研发中的应用

Strategies for screening protective viral antigens and their applications in the development of novel vaccines

摘要:

随着疫苗研发技术的发展，新型疫苗在传染病的预防中得到了广泛应用。由于新型疫苗安全性良好，因此其在烈性病疫苗的应用中有着得天独厚的优势，然而研制新型疫苗的前提是筛选出保护性抗原。随着各种组学研究的发展，针对真核生物的多种生物信息学方法代表着最前沿的技术手段。相对于真核细胞，病毒具有更为简单的结构，对应着相对简单的研究方法，未来的保护性抗原筛选策略，需要结合生物信息学和传统分子生物学方法的优势。本文分别从宿主和病毒入手，论述了病毒保护性抗原的筛选策略，列举了一系列基于真核细胞开发的可能用于保护性抗原筛选的生物信息学方法，并总结了应用保护性抗原进行新型疫苗设计的案例，以便加深对病毒保护性抗原筛选策略的认知，为新型疫苗的研发提供借鉴。

Abstract:

With the development of vaccine research and development technologies, novel vaccines have been widely used in the prevention of various infectious diseases. Due to the excellent safety, novel vaccines have unique advantages in the application of vaccines against virulent pathogens. The major premise of developing novel vaccines is to screen protective antigens. With the development of various omics research, cutting-edge bioinformatics tools for eukaryotes have been well developed, while the much simpler structure of viruses compared with eukaryotic cells corresponds to relatively simple research methods. Strategies for screening protective antigens need to combine the advantages of both bioinformatics methods and traditional molecular biology methods. In this review, the strategies for screening virus protective antigens were discussed from the perspective of host and virus, and a series of bioinformatics tools developed based on eukaryotic cells that may be used for screening protective antigens were listed. This review also summarized the cases of using protective antigens to design novel vaccines, in order to better understand the strategies for screening virus protective antigens and facilitate the research and development of novel vaccines.