长非编码RNA编码微肽的研究进展

Advances of long non-coding RNA encoded micro-peptides

摘要:

长非编码RNA (long non-coding RNA,lncRNA)是长度超过200 nt的非编码RNA，具有一个或多个短开放阅读框，可编码功能性微肽。这些功能性微肽在各种生物过程中扮演着重要角色，例如Ca²⁺转运、线粒体代谢、肌细胞融合和细胞衰老等过程。同时，这些生物过程又在机体稳态调控、疾病和癌症的发生与发展、胚胎发育等重要生理过程中起关键作用。因此，研究由lncRNA编码的微肽在生物体的潜在的调控机制，将有助于进一步解析生物体潜在调控过程，并为后续疾病的靶向治疗及动物生长性能的提高提供新的理论依据。本文综述了现阶段lncRNA编码微肽领域的最新研究进展，并对当前微肽在肌肉生理、炎症与免疫、人类常见癌症、胚胎发育等领域的研究进展进行描述与总结，最后简单阐述了lncRNA编码微肽现阶段面临的问题和存在的挑战，以期为后续微肽的深入研究提供科学参考及新思路。

关键词:长非编码RNA;短开放阅读框;微肽;肌肉生理;炎症;癌症;胚胎发育

Abstract:

Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) refers to non-coding RNA longer than 200 nt, with one or more short open reading frames (sORF), which encode functional micro-peptides. These functional micro-peptides often play key roles in various biological processes, such as Ca²⁺ transport, mitochondrial metabolism, myocyte fusion, cellular senescence and others. At the same time, these biological processes play a key role in the regulation of body homeostasis, diseases and cancers development and progression, embryonic development and other important physiological processes. Therefore, studying the potential regulatory mechanisms of micro-peptides encoded by lncRNA in organisms will help to further elucidate the potential regulatory processes in organisms. Furthermore, it will provide a new theoretical basis for the subsequent targeted treatment of diseases and improvement of animal growth performance. This review summarizes the latest research progress in the field of lncRNA-encoded micro-peptides, as well as the progress in the fields of muscle physiological regulation, inflammation and immunity, common human cancers, and embryonic development. Finally, the challenges of lncRNA-encoded micro-peptides are briefly described, with the aim to facilitate subsequent in-depth research on micro-peptides.

Key words:long non-coding RNA;short open reading frames;micro-peptide;muscle physiology;inflammation;cancer;embryonic development