普鲁兰酶的异源表达、结构解析及分子改造研究进展

Advances in heterologous expression, structural elucidation and molecular modification of pullulanase

摘要:

淀粉是由葡萄糖单元通过α-1,4-葡萄糖苷键和α-1,6-葡萄糖苷键连接而成，不仅是食物的主要成分，也是淀粉深加工工业的基本原料来源。普鲁兰酶能够高效水解淀粉分子中的α-1,6-葡萄糖苷键，与其他的淀粉加工酶复合使用，能够有效提高淀粉的利用率，在淀粉深加工工业中具有“提质增效”的重要作用。本文综述了普鲁兰酶产酶菌株的筛选及编码基因的克隆表达，总结了表达元件及发酵条件优化对普鲁兰酶产酶水平的影响，探讨了普鲁兰酶结构解析及分子改造等方面的研究进展。同时分析了当前研究中存在的问题，并对未来的研究进行了展望，以期为普鲁兰酶的研究及应用提供参考和启示。

Abstract:

Starch is composed of glucose units linked by α-1,4-glucoside bond and α-1,6-glucoside bond. It is the main component of foods and the primary raw material for starch processing industry. Pullulanase can effectively hydrolyze the α-1,6-glucoside bond in starch molecules. Combined with other starch processing enzymes, it can effectively improve the starch utilization rate. Therefore, it has been widely used in the starch processing industry. This paper summarized the screening of pullulanase-producing strain and its encoding genes. In addition, the effects of expression elements and fermentation conditions on the production of pullulanase were summarized. Moreover, the progress in crystal structure elucidation and molecular modification of pullulanase was discussed. Lastly, future perspectives on pullulanase research were proposed.