单碱基编辑技术的原理、发展及其在家畜育种中的应用

Principle and development of single base editing technology and its application in livestock breeding

摘要:

基因编辑技术CRISPR/Cas (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/ CRISPR-associated protein)在家畜育种领域得到广泛应用，但其效率低下，且存在非靶向切割、安全性较低等问题，极大地限制了家畜育种中单碱基突变的引入。单碱基编辑(single base editing)作为一种最新的基因编辑工具，能够在不导入双链断裂的情况下直接进行碱基的替换，具有编辑效率高和特异性强的特性，为家畜育种的精确基因修饰提供了一种更简单、更有效的方法。本文主要介绍了单碱基编辑系统的原理及发展进程和碱基编辑技术在家畜育种中的应用，以期为单碱基编辑器在家畜育种中进一步优化和选择应用提供参考。

Abstract:

CRISPR/Cas (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR- associated protein) is widely used in the field of livestock breeding. However, its low efficiency, untargeted cutting and low safety have greatly hampered its use for introducing single base mutations in livestock breeding. Single base editing, as a new gene editing tool, can directly replace bases without introducing double strand breaks. Single base editing shows high efficiency and strong specificity, and provides a simpler and more effective method for precise gene modification in livestock breeding. This paper introduces the principle and development of single base editing technology and its application in livestock breeding.