功能化外泌体载人参皂苷Rg1治疗缺血性脑卒中

Functionalized exosome-loaded ginsenoside Rg1 for the treatment of ischemic stroke

摘要:

本研究旨在探讨c(RGDyK)肽修饰的骨髓间充质干细胞外泌体作为一种多功能载体材料负载人参皂苷Rg1 (ginsenoside Rg1, G-Rg1)对缺血性脑卒中的治疗效果和潜在作用机制。以线栓法制备SD大鼠短暂性大脑中动脉缺血性模型(transient middle cerebral occlusion model, tMCAO)，并将造模成功的SD大鼠随机分为tMCAO组、Exo组、游离G-Rg1组、Exo-Rg1组和cRGD-Exo-Rg1组，并以sham组作为对照。采用2,3,5-三苯基四氯化铵(2,3,5-triphenyltetrachloride, TTC)染色法检测脑梗死体积；免疫荧光法观察神经元、血管内皮细胞数量变化；Western blotting实验检测相关蛋白的表达。结果表明cRGD-Exo-Rg1可通过激活PI3K/AKT通路上调血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor, VEGF)和缺氧诱导因子(hypoxia-inducible factors, HIF-1α)的表达，促进血管生成和神经生成，有效减少脑梗死体积，改善神经功能。另外cRGD-Exo-Rg1进入到缺血脑组织后可以上调occudin和claudin-5的表达，减轻血脑屏障(blood-brain barrier, BBB)损伤。综上所述，cRGD-Exo-Rg1治疗效果显著，能够通过促进血管生成和神经生成，起到治疗缺血性脑卒中的作用，并为其他神经保护治疗方式的潜在临床益处提供实验依据。

Abstract:

The aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effects and potential mechanism of c(RGDyK) peptide modified mesenchymal stem cell exosomes loaded with ginsenoside Rg1 (G-Rg1) on ischemic stroke. Thread-tying method was used to establish SD rats transient middle cerebral occlusion model (tMCAO). The model rats were randomly divided into tMCAO group, Exo group, free G-Rg1 group, Exo-Rg1 group and cRGD-Exo-Rg1 group, and sham group was used as control. The infarct volume was measured by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrachloride (TTC) staining, the changes of neuron and endothelium were observed by immunofluorescence, and the expression of related proteins was detected by Western blotting. The results showed that cRGD-Exo-Rg1 up-regulated the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF-1α) by activating PI3K/AKT pathway, thus promoting angiogenesis and neurogenesis, effectively reducing the volume of cerebral infarction and improving neural function. In addition, the delivery of cRGD-Exo-Rg1 to ischemic brain tissue up-regulated the expression of occludin and claudin-5, and reduced the injury of blood-brain barrier. Taken together, cRGD-Exo-Rg1 was effective in the treatment of ischemic stroke by promoting angiogenesis and neurogenesis, which provided experimental evidence for the potential clinical benefits of other neuroprotective therapies.