微生物大片段DNA染色体整合技术研究进展

Chromosomal integration of large DNA fragments in microorganisms: a review

摘要:

现代生物发酵工业聚焦于设计和创制高效的微生物细胞工厂，以实现原料向目标产品的定向转化。评判微生物细胞工厂性能优劣的主要标准是其合成能力及稳定性。由于质粒系统存在拷贝数不稳定、易于丢失等局限性，在菌株改造中将基因或产物合成途径整合至染色体上实现稳定表达通常是更优的选择。因此，染色体的基因整合技术作为实现这一目标的重要手段已受到广泛关注，并得到快速发展。本综述梳理了近年来微生物大片段DNA染色体整合方法的研究进展，归纳了各种技术的原理和特点，尤其是新兴的CRISPR相关转座系统，同时对未来的发展重点和方向进行了展望。

Abstract:

The modern bio-fermentation industry requires design and creation of efficient microbial cell factories for directed conversion of raw materials to target products. The main criteria for assessing the performance of microbial cell factories are their product synthesis capacity and stability. Due to the deficiencies of plasmids in gene expression such as instability and being easy to lose, integration of genes into chromosome is often a better choice for stable expression in microbial hosts. To this end, chromosomal gene integration technology has received much attention and has developed rapidly. In this review, we summarize the recent research progresses of chromosomal integration of large DNA fragments in microorganisms, illustrate the principles and features of various technologies, highlight the opportunity brought by the CRISPR-associated transposon systems, and prospect future research direction of this technology.