聚合物纳米颗粒对动脉粥样硬化病变的影响及相关机理研究进展

Effect of polymer nanoparticles on atherosclerotic lesions and the associated mechanisms: a review

摘要:

聚合物纳米颗粒通常指基于疏水性聚合物的纳米粒子，由于其良好的生物相容性、高效的长循环特性以及优于其他纳米颗粒物的代谢排出方式等，在纳米医学领域中得到了广泛关注。现有研究证明聚合物纳米颗粒在心血管疾病，尤其是在动脉粥样硬化(atherosclerosis, AS)的诊断、治疗中具有独特的优点，已经成功地由基础研究向临床应用转化。但是聚合物纳米颗粒引起的炎症反应诱导泡沫细胞形成、巨噬细胞自噬，以及心血管系统疾病力学微环境改变引起的聚合物纳米颗粒富集等，都可能最终诱导AS的发生发展。在此，本文综述了近年来聚合物纳米颗粒在诊断、治疗AS疾病中的应用及其与AS病变的关系和机理，为后续研究利用聚合物纳米颗粒开发新型纳米药物治疗AS提供理论依据。

Abstract:

Polymer nanoparticles generally refer to hydrophobic polymers-based nanoparticles, which have been extensively studied in the nanomedicine field due to their good biocompatibility, efficient long-circulation characteristics, and superior metabolic discharge patterns over other nanoparticles. Existing studies have proved that polymer nanoparticles possess unique advantages in the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases, and have been transformed from basic researches to clinical applications, especially in the diagnosis and treatment of atherosclerosis (AS). However, the inflammatory reaction induced by polymer nanoparticles would induce the formation of foam cells and autophagy of macrophages. In addition, the variations in the mechanical microenvironment of cardiovascular diseases may cause the enrichment of polymer nanoparticles. These could possibly promote the occurrence and development of AS. Herein, this review summarized the recent application of polymer nanoparticles in the diagnosis and treatment of AS, as well as the relationship between polymer nanoparticles and AS and the associated mechanism, with the aim to facilitate the development of novel nanodrugs for the treatment of AS.