胶质母细胞瘤外泌体的作用机制研究进展

The action mechanism of glioblastoma cell-derived exosome: a review

摘要:

胶质母细胞瘤(glioblastoma, GBM)因组织学异质性、侵袭能力强、术后复发快等问题，致使患者经手术治疗、化疗和放疗后的预后差，总体生存期短。GBM细胞来源外泌体(GBM cell-derived exosome, GBM-exo)能够通过其携带的细胞因子、miRNA、DNA和蛋白质等调节GBM细胞的增殖和迁移，通过血管生成蛋白和非编码RNA促进肿瘤血管生成，通过调节因子、蛋白质和药物靶向免疫检查点等介导肿瘤免疫逃逸，以及通过非编码RNA对抗GBM细胞的耐药性，有望成为个性化治疗GBM的重要靶标，且可以作为GBM的诊断和预后标志物。本文阐述了GBM-exo的制备方法和生物学特征，及其在GBM细胞增殖、血管生成、免疫逃逸和耐药性方面的作用和分子机制，为研发诊治GBM的新策略提供参考。

Abstract:

Patients with glioblastoma (GBM) generally have a bad prognosis and short overall survival after being treated with surgery, chemotherapy or radiotherapy due to the histological heterogeneity, strong invasive ability and rapid postoperative recurrence of GBM. The components of GBM cell-derived exosome (GBM-exo) can regulate the proliferation and migration of GBM cell via cytokines, miRNAs, DNA molecules and proteins, promote the angiogenesis via angiogenic proteins and non-coding RNAs, mediate tumor immune evasion by targeting immune checkpoints with regulatory factors, proteins and drugs, and reduce drug resistance of GBM cells through non-coding RNAs. GBM-exo is expected to be an important target for the personalized treatment of GBM and a marker for diagnosis and prognosis of this kind of disease. This review summarizes the preparation methods, biological characteristics, functions and molecular mechanisms of GBM-exo on cell proliferation, angiogenesis, immune evasion and drug resistance of GBM to facilitate developing new strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of GBM.