植物中表达口蹄疫病毒抗原研究进展

Expression of antigens of foot-and-mouth disease virus in plants: a review

摘要:

口蹄疫(foot-and-mouth disease, FMD)是由口蹄疫病毒(foot-and-mouth disease virus, FMDV)引起的一种急性、烈性、高度接触性传染病，严重危害畜牧养殖业健康发展。口蹄疫灭活疫苗是口蹄疫防控的主导产品，为控制口蹄疫流行起到了重要作用；但是也存在抗原不稳定、在生产制备过程中存在因病毒灭活不彻底而散毒的风险、生产成本较高等问题。与传统的微生物和动物生物反应器相比，通过转基因技术以植物作为生物反应器生产抗原蛋白，具有成本低廉、安全便捷、易于储运等一些优势，且无需蛋白提取纯化过程，可直接食用免疫；但也存在着表达量低、控制性差等问题。因此，通过植物生物反应器表达口蹄疫病毒抗原蛋白，可能是一种具有一定优势但仍需不断优化的疫苗生产手段。本文综述了在植物中表达活性蛋白的主要策略，以及通过植物生物反应器表达口蹄疫病毒抗原蛋白的研究进展，并讨论了目前面临的问题与挑战，以期为相关工作提供一定的借鉴和参考。

Abstract:

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is an acute, severe, and highly contagious infectious disease caused by foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), which seriously endangers the development of animal husbandry. The inactivated FMD vaccine is the main product for the prevention and control of FMD, which has been successfully applied to control the pandemic and outbreak of FMD. However, the inactivated FMD vaccine also has problems, such as the instability of antigen, the risk of spread of the virus due to incomplete inactivation during vaccine production, and the high cost of production. Compared with traditional microbial and animal bioreactors, production of antigens in plants through transgenic technology has some advantages including low cost, safety, convenience, and easy storage and transportation. Moreover, since antigens produced from plants can be directly used as edible vaccines, no complex processes of protein extraction and purification are required. But, there are some problems for the production of antigens in plants, which include low expression level and poor controllability. Thus, expressing the antigens of FMDV in plants may be an alternative mean for production of FMD vaccine, which has certain advantages but still need to be continuously optimized. Here we review the main strategies for expressing active proteins in plants, as well as the research progress on the expression of FMDV antigens in plants. We also discuss the current problems and challenges encountered, with the aim to facilitate related research.