微生物发酵法生产S-腺苷甲硫氨酸的研究进展

Microbial production of S-adenosyl-l-methionine: a review

摘要:

S-腺苷甲硫氨酸(S-adenosyl-l-methionine, SAM)广泛存在于生物体内，主要参与生物体内的转甲基过程、转硫过程及转氨丙基过程，具有重要的生理功能，其生产备受重视。目前SAM生产的研究主要集中于微生物发酵法，该方法与化学合成法和酶催化法相比，成本较低且更容易实现工业化生产。随着需求量的迅速增加，通过菌种改良提高SAM产量备受关注。当前SAM生产菌种改良的主要策略包括常规育种和代谢工程。本文综述了提高微生物生产SAM能力的近期研究进展并探讨了SAM生产中的瓶颈问题及解决方法，以期为进一步提高SAM产量提供思路。

Abstract:

S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) is ubiquitous in living organisms and plays important roles in transmethylation, transsulfuration and transamination in organisms. Due to its important physiological functions, production of SAM has attracted increasing attentions. Currently, researches on SAM production mainly focus on microbial fermentation, which is more cost-effective than that of the chemical synthesis and the enzyme catalysis, thus easier to achieve commercial production. With the rapid growth in SAM demand, interests in improving SAM production by developing SAM hyper-producing microorganisms aroused. The main strategies for improving SAM productivity of microorganisms include conventional breeding and metabolic engineering. This review summarizes the recent research progress in improving microbial SAM productivity to facilitate further improving SAM productivity. The bottlenecks in SAM biosynthesis and the solutions were also addressed.