氨基酸生物传感器的开发及应用研究进展

Advances of development and application amino acid biosensors

摘要:

氨基酸是蛋白质的基本组成单元，对人和动物的营养健康十分重要，广泛应用于饲料、食品、医药和日化等领域。目前，氨基酸主要通过微生物发酵可再生原料生产，氨基酸产业是我国生物制造的重要支柱产业之一。氨基酸菌株主要通过随机诱变和代谢工程改造结合筛选获得。菌株生产水平进一步提高的核心限制之一是缺乏高效、快速和准确的筛选方法，因此，发展氨基酸菌株的高通量筛选方法对关键功能元件挖掘及高产菌株的创制筛选至关重要。本文综述了氨基酸生物传感器的设计，及其在功能元件、高产菌株的高通量进化筛选和代谢途径动态调控中的应用研究进展，讨论了现有氨基酸生物传感器存在的问题和性能提升改造策略，并展望了开发氨基酸衍生物生物传感器的重要性。

Abstract:

Amino acids are the basic building blocks of protein that are very important to the nutrition and health of humans and animals, and widely used in feed, food, medicine and daily chemicals. At present, amino acids are mainly produced from renewable raw materials by microbial fermentation, forming one of the important pillar industries of biomanufacturing in China. Amino acid-producing strains are mostly developed through random mutagenesis- and metabolic engineering-enabled strain breeding combined with strain screening. One of the key limitations to further improvement of production level is the lack of efficient, rapid, and accurate strain screening methods. Therefore, the development of high-throughput screening methods for amino acid strains is very important for the mining of key functional elements and the creation and screening of hyper-producing strains. This paper reviews the design of amino acid biosensors and their applications in the high-throughput evolution and screening of functional elements and hyper-producing strains, and the dynamic regulation of metabolic pathways. The challenges of existing amino acid biosensors and strategies for biosensor optimization are discussed. Finally, the importance of developing biosensors for amino acid derivatives is prospected.