病毒感染影响宿主细胞代谢研究进展

Effect of viral infection on host cell metabolism: a review

摘要:

作为专性的细胞内寄生物，病毒没有独立代谢的能力，因此完全依赖于宿主细胞的代谢机制。病毒利用宿主细胞代谢网络提供的能量和生物合成前体物质来驱动其复制、装配和释放。因此，病毒挟持宿主细胞代谢以实现自身的复制和增殖。此外，病毒还可以通过编码辅助代谢基因(auxiliary metabolic genes, AMGs)调控宿主的细胞代谢，影响碳、氮、磷、硫循环，参与微生物驱动的生物地球化学循环。本文主要从细胞葡萄糖代谢、谷氨酰胺代谢、脂肪酸代谢、病毒AMGs调控宿主代谢影响生物地球化学循环4个方面总结病毒感染对宿主核心代谢途径影响的研究，以期为深入理解病毒-宿主相互作用提供参考，也将为通过代谢干预治疗病毒性疾病提供一定的理论依据。

Abstract:

As specialized intracellular parasite, viruses have no ability to metabolize independently, so they completely depend on the metabolic mechanism of host cells. Viruses use the energy and precursors provided by the metabolic network of the host cells to drive their replication, assembly and release. Namely, viruses hijack the host cells metabolism to achieve their own replication and proliferation. In addition, viruses can also affect host cell metabolism by the expression of auxiliary metabolic genes (AMGs), affecting carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur cycles, and participate in microbial-driven biogeochemical cycling. This review summarizes the effect of viral infection on the host’s core metabolic pathway from four aspects: cellular glucose metabolism, glutamine metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, and viral AMGs on host metabolism. It may facilitate in-depth understanding of virus-host interactions, and provide a theoretical basis for the treatment of viral diseases through metabolic intervention.