传染病mRNA疫苗的研究进展及应用

mRNA vaccines for infectious diseases: research progress and applications

摘要:

mRNA疫苗有望成为预防传染病的新型疫苗。与传统疫苗相比，mRNA疫苗具有高效、安全、生产周期短和成本低等诸多优势。2020年，BNT162b2和mRNA-1273这两款mRNA疫苗的获批使用，有效降低了人类感染COVID-19的感染风险，表明mRNA技术在针对暴发性传染病疫苗研发上具有一定优势。本文综述了mRNA疫苗的分类、免疫机制、修饰方法和在传染病中的应用等，最后讨论了mRNA疫苗目前面临的挑战和未来的发展方向。

Abstract:

Messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines emerge as promising vaccines to prevent infectious diseases. Compared with traditional vaccines, mRNA vaccines present numerous advantages, such as high potency, safe administration, rapid production potentials, and cost-effective manufacturing. In 2020, two COVID-19 vaccines (BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273) were approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The two vaccines showed high efficiency in combating COVID-19, which indicates the great advantages of mRNA technology in developing vaccines against emergent infectious diseases. Here, we summarize the type, immune mechanisms, modification methods of mRNA vaccines, and their applications in preventing infectious diseases. Current challenges and future perspectives in developing mRNA vaccines are also discussed.