细胞免疫应答评价方法的研究进展

Advances in methodologies for evaluating cell-mediated immune responses

摘要:

细胞免疫应答是机体维持稳态的重要组成部分。天然免疫选择性激活适应性免疫后，细胞免疫发挥杀伤清除功能。因此，对细胞免疫应答水平的评估在癌症诊断与治疗、组织器官移植后免疫状态监测、病毒性疾病诊断与预防以及疫苗免疫效果评价等方面意义重大。从最初仅能对体内免疫效果的总体评估，到如今对多种免疫细胞数量和功能的精准检测，细胞免疫应答的评价方法得到了极大发展。然而，细胞免疫应答在机体中涉及多个水平，并且检测方法繁多，难以选择。本文将细胞免疫应答评价方法按照机体、组织器官、免疫细胞和免疫分子4个水平进行系统地整理和比较分析，以期为相关技术的应用提供参考。

Abstract:

Cell-mediated immune response is an important part of machinery in maintaining the body’s homeostasis. After the innate immune system selectively activates the adaptive immune system, the cell-mediated immunity exerts its killing and clearance functions. Therefore, evaluating the level of cell-mediated immune response is crucial in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer, monitoring the immune status after organ transplantation, diagnosing and preventing viral diseases, and evaluating the effectiveness of vaccines and other areas. From the initial overall assessment of the immune effects in vivo to the precise detection of the number and function of multiple immune cells, the evaluation methods of cell-mediated immune response have greatly advanced. However, cell-mediated immune response involves multiple levels in the body, and it’s difficult to choose the numerous detection methods available. The article systematically compares the evaluation methods of cell-mediated immune response at four different levels: the organism, the tissue and organ, the immune cells and the immune molecules, with the aim to facilitate the applications of related technologies.