冠状病毒非结构蛋白13的研究进展

Advances in the coronavirus nonstructural protein 13

摘要:

冠状病毒能够引发多种传染性疾病，给动物和人类的健康带来严重危害。研发有效的疫苗和抗病毒药物成为防治疾病的重要手段。冠状病毒基因组能够编码多种蛋白质，包括结构蛋白、非结构蛋白和辅助蛋白。解旋酶非结构蛋白13 (nonstructural protein 13, NSP13)是冠状病毒编码的一种关键非结构蛋白，能够调控病毒复制和宿主先天免疫反应。因此，NSP13被认为是研发抗冠状病毒药物的重要靶点。本文结合国内外现有NSP13相关研究成果，对冠状病毒解旋酶NSP13的来源与结构、序列保守性、解旋机制、酶抑制剂、蛋白互作以及免疫调控等方面进行综述，并且分析了NSP13研究目前面临的问题，为研发靶向NSP13的广谱抗冠状病毒药物提供了理论依据。

Abstract:

Coronaviruses pose significant threats to animal and human health, leading to the development of various infectious diseases. It is critical to develop effective vaccines and antiviral medicines to prevent and treat these diseases. The coronavirus genome encodes several types of proteins, including structural, nonstructural, and accessory proteins. Among them, nonstructural protein 13 (NSP13) helicase plays a crucial role in regulating viral replication and the innate immune response of the host. Therefore, it serves as a vital target for the development of anti-coronavirus drugs. This paper presents a comprehensive review of NSP13 research, covering its source, structure, sequence conservation, unwinding mechanism, enzyme inhibitors, protein interaction, and immune regulation. Additionally, the paper analyzes the current challenges in NSP13 research and aims to provide a theoretical foundation for the development of broad-spectrum antiviral drugs targeting NSP13.