合成微生物群落构建及其在聚羟基脂肪酸酯生物合成中的应用

Construction of synthetic microbial community and its application in polyhydroxyalkanoate biosynthesis

摘要:

合成微生物群落是由多种遗传背景清晰的微生物构成的人工系统，具有复杂度低、可控性高、稳定性强等优势，适用于工业生产、人类健康和环境修复等领域。本文在综述合成微生物群落的设计原理和构建方法基础上，特别聚焦其在聚羟基脂肪酸酯(polyhydroxyalkanoate, PHA)生物合成中的应用。作为合成生态学的核心内容、合成生物学的新兴前沿，构建高效、稳定、可控的合成微生物群落需要制定相应策略来调控微生物相互作用、空间结构组装、鲁棒性维持和生物防护。近年来，合成微生物群落已应用于生产药物、生物燃料、生物材料等高价值化学品，其中PHA作为传统塑料的理想替代品受到密切关注。提升并扩大PHA合成菌株的碳源利用能力和范围，降低PHA生产成本，成为合成微生物群落应用于PHA生物合成的研究重点。

Abstract:

Synthetic microbial communities are artificial systems composed of multiple microorganisms with well-defined genetic backgrounds. They are characterized by low complexity, high controllability, and strong stability, thus suitable for industrial production, disease management, and environmental remediation. This review summarizes the design principles and construction methods of synthetic microbial communities, and highlights their application in polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) biosynthesis. Constructing a synthetic microbial community represents a core research direction of synthetic ecology and an emerging frontier of synthetic biology. It requires strategies to design and control microbial interactions, spatial organization, robustness maintenance, and biocontainment to obtain an efficient, stable, and controllable synthetic microbial community. In recent years, synthetic microbial communities have been widely used to synthesize high-value chemicals such as drugs, biofuels, and biomaterials. As an ideal substitute for oil-based plastics, PHA has received much attention. Enhancing the capacity and broadening the range of carbon source utilization for PHA producers have become the research priority in the application of synthetic microbial communities for PHA biosynthesis, with the aim to reduce PHA production cost.