碱基编辑系统的研究进展

Advances in base editing systems

摘要:

基于可编程核酸酶的基因编辑工具表现出编辑高效、产物纯度高、编辑副产物少的优势，已广泛应用于生物医药研发和作物育种。鉴于研究和应用的需求多样化，开发功能特异的碱基编辑器成为基因编辑领域的研究热点。目前由规律成簇的间隔短回文重复序列系统及相关蛋白(clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated, CRISPR-Cas)和转录激活因子类效应因子(transcription activator-like effector, TALE)系统衍生的基因编辑系统包括单碱基编辑器、双碱基编辑器、线粒体碱基编辑器和CRISPR相关转座酶系统等。本文全面梳理了碱基编辑系统的发展历程，总结了各类碱基编辑器的特点、脱靶效应、优化和改良策略等，为基因编辑系统的进一步改进和应用提供参考。

Abstract:

Programmable nucleases-based genome editing systems offer several advantages, such as high editing efficiency, high product purity, and fewer editing by-products. They have been widely used in biopharmaceutical research and crop engineering. Given the diverse needs for research and application, developing functional base editors has become a major focus in the field of genome editing. Currently, genome editing systems derived from clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated (CRISPR-Cas) and transcription activator-like effector (TALE) systems include single base editors, dual base editors, mitochondrial base editors, and CRISPR-related transposase systems. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the development of base editing systems, summarizes the characteristics, off-target effects, optimization, and improvement strategies of various base editors, and provides insights for further improvement and application of genome editing systems.