细胞膜包裹的纳米颗粒在疾病治疗中的应用

Cell membrane-coated nanoparticles in disease therapy

摘要:

纳米技术因为其巨大的发展潜力，在医学应用中受到广泛关注，然而纳米颗粒容易触发宿主免疫清除系统，导致其无法达到预期治疗效果甚至产生毒副作用。近年来，使用细胞膜包裹纳米颗粒被证明可以有效地使纳米颗粒逃过免疫系统的清除。使用细胞膜包裹纳米颗粒，既能使纳米颗粒获得天然细胞膜的理化特征，还能使其具有膜来源细胞的锚定蛋白、抗原等生物学特征，从而实现免疫逃逸、长循环、药物靶向释放和调节免疫等独特能力，极大地增加了其在生物医学应用中的灵活性和可能性。本文综述了细胞膜包裹的纳米颗粒在疾病治疗中的应用现状，分析了这一新平台潜在的巨大应用价值，并描绘了这一新平台未来在疾病治疗中的前景。

Abstract:

Nanotechnology has attracted increasing attention in the field of medical applications due to its significant potential for development. However, one major challenge that has emerged with nanoparticles is their tendency to activate the host immune clearance system, which hampers the achievement of desired therapeutic outcomes and may lead to harmful side effects. In recent years, membrane-coated nanoparticles have emerged as a promising solution, demonstrating their effectiveness in evading immune system clearance. These innovative nanoparticles inherit essential biological attributes from natural cell membranes, such as anchoring proteins and antigens. Consequently, membrane-coated nanoparticles exhibit unique capabilities such as immune evasion, prolonged circulation, targeted drug release, and immune modulation, substantially enhancing their versatility and prospects within the realm of biomedical applications. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current applications of cell membrane-coated nanoparticles in disease therapy, highlighting their immense potential in this rapidly evolving platform. Additionally, the review outlines the promising prospects of this technology in disease therapy.