紫杉醇生物合成与转录调控机制研究进展

Advances in paclitaxel biosynthesis and transcriptional regulation mechanisms

摘要:

紫杉醇是一种珍贵的二萜类化合物，通常从红豆杉树皮中提取获得，具有显著的抗癌活性，是治疗多种癌症的首选临床药物。然而，由于紫杉醇在红豆杉树皮中的含量极低，目前主要依赖于消耗红豆杉资源的化学半合成方法获得，难以满足持续增长的临床需求。近年来，研究者已经在紫杉醇的生物合成途径解析、转录调控机制及生物合成领域取得了显著进展。本文综述了利用化学合成法、异源生物合成法及利用细胞工程技术生产紫杉醇的研究进展，详细介绍了紫杉醇生物合成途径与转录调控机制，以期为生物合成紫杉醇相关研究提供参考。

关键词:红豆杉;紫杉醇;诱导子;转录调控;细胞工程技术

Abstract:

Paclitaxel, a rare diterpene extracted from the bark of Chinese yew (Taxus chinensis), is renowned for its anti-cancer activity and serves as a primary drug for treating cancers. Due to the exceptionally low content of paclitaxel in the bark, a semi-synthetic method that depletes Chinese yew resources is used in the production of paclitaxel, which, however, fails to meet the escalating clinical demand. In recent years, researchers have achieved significant progress in heterologous biosynthesis and metabolic engineering for the production of paclitaxel. This article comprehensively reviews the advancements in paclitaxel production, encompassing chemical synthesis, heterologous biosynthesis, and cell engineering. It provides an in-depth introduction to the biosynthetic pathway and transcriptional regulation mechanisms of paclitaxel, aiming to provide a valuable reference for further research on paclitaxel biosynthesis.

Key words:Chinese yew (Taxus chinensis);paclitaxel;elicitors;transcriptional regulation;cell engineering