蛋白冠在纳米粒子表面形成机制和影响因素的研究进展

Progress in the mechanism and influencing factors of the formation of protein corona on nanoparticle surfaces

摘要:

纳米粒子作为一种新型的材料，在食品和生物医学领域中具有广泛的应用前景。纳米粒子在生物环境中会自发地吸附蛋白质，数十甚至几百种蛋白质在纳米粒子表面会形成蛋白冠。而蛋白冠在纳米粒子表面的形成则是影响其稳定性、生物相容性、靶向性以及药物释放性能的重要因素之一。蛋白冠的形成机制受到多种因素的影响，如纳米粒子的尺寸、形状、表面化学性质等。同时，蛋白质的种类、浓度、pH等也会对蛋白冠的形成产生影响。蛋白质的结构与其在纳米粒子表面的分布密切相关，而蛋白质的构象则会影响其在纳米粒子表面的结合方式和稳定性。蛋白冠在纳米粒子表面形成的机制和影响因素十分复杂，需要综合考虑多个因素的作用。了解蛋白冠的形成机制和影响因素会帮助我们理解蛋白冠的形成过程并针对特定需求来控制特定蛋白冠的形成。本文综述了近年来对蛋白冠在纳米粒子表面形成机制和影响因素的研究，以期为蛋白冠的深入研究提供理论依据。

Abstract:

Nanoparticles, as a novel material, have a wide range of applications in the food and biomedical fields. Nanoparticles spontaneously adsorb proteins in the biological environment, and tens or even hundreds of proteins can form protein corona on the surface of nanoparticles. The formation of protein corona on the surface of nanoparticles is one of the key factors affecting the stability, biocompatibility, targeting, and drug release properties of nanoparticles. The formation mechanism of protein corona is affected by a variety of factors, including the surface chemical properties, sizes, and shapes of nanoparticles and the types, concentrations, and pH of proteins. Studies have shown that the protein structure is associated with protein distribution on the nanoparticle surface, while the protein conformation affects the binding mode and stability of the protein on the nanoparticle surface. Since the mechanism of the formation of protein corona on the surface of nanoparticles is complex, the roles of multiple factors need to be considered comprehensively. Understanding the mechanisms and influencing factors of the formation of protein corona will help us to understand the process of protein corona formation and control the formation of protein corona for specific needs. In this paper, we summarize the recent studies on the mechanisms and influencing factors of the formation of protein corona on the surface of nanoparticles, with a view to providing a theoretical basis for in-depth research on protein corona.