自然卵巢和人工卵巢保存生育力的研究进展

Fertility preservation through natural and artificial ovaries:a review

摘要:

卵巢组织冷冻保存(ovarian tissue cryopreservation, OTC)是青春期前女性和需要立即化疗的年轻女性保存生育力的唯一选择。卵巢组织移植已被证明可以恢复激素周期和生育能力。对于某些类型的癌症患者，卵巢组织冷冻后移植有将恶性细胞和移植组织一起重新植入的风险。因此，人工卵巢作为一种创新的互补方案，能够实现离体卵泡正常发育、卵母细胞成熟和排卵，可以部分恢复内分泌的功能。文中总结了自然卵巢组织保存生育力的方法，主要包括卵巢组织慢速冷冻、玻璃化冷冻，以及水凝胶包封卵巢组织。同时对于人工卵巢组织保存生育力进行综述，主要包括水凝胶包封卵泡、支架构建卵巢微组织和3D打印的工程策略。最后对于卵巢组织保存生育力目前面临的问题和挑战进行分析，并展望了未来的发展趋势，为卵巢组织生育力保存的应用提供参考。

Abstract:

Ovarian tissue cryopreservation (OTC) is currently the exclusive choice for preserving fertility in both young girls before reaching puberty and young women who require immediate chemotherapy. Ovarian tissue transplantation has proven to be effective in restoring hormonal cycles and fertility. However, in certain cancer cases, there is a potential risk of inadvertently reintroducing malignant cells when transplanting cryopreserved ovarian tissue. Therefore, the use of an artificial ovary as an innovative and complementary approach allows for the development of isolated follicles, facilitates oocyte maturation and ovulation, and can partially restore endocrine function. This paper presents a comprehensive overview of techniques used to preserve fertility in natural ovarian tissues, including slow freezing, vitrification and hydrogel encapsulation methods. Additionally, it reviews fertility preservation techniques for artificial ovarian tissues, such as strategies involving hydrogel-encapsulated follicle, scaffolding for constructing ovarian microtissues, and 3D printing engineering. Lastly, this article explores current challenges and difficulties encountered in preserving ovarian tissue fertility, while also anticipating future trends in development, making it a valuable reference for the implementation of ovarian tissue fertility preservation.