嗜热蓝细菌高温适应机制及生物技术应用

High-temperature adaptation mechanisms and biotechnological potentials of thermophilic cyanobacteria

摘要:

嗜热蓝细菌是一类具有独特耐热特征的蓝细菌，可以作为研究光合生物高温适应机制的模式生物。系统解析嗜热蓝细菌的高温适应机制，有助于深入理解光合生物及其他微生物响应和适应高温环境的分子机理，同时还具有指导耐热作物培育和构建微生物耐热细胞工厂的潜在应用前景。本文全面综述了嗜热蓝细菌的相关研究进展，包括其生态分布、形态特征、组学研究和耐热机制挖掘等多个方面；此外，还对嗜热蓝细菌在生物技术领域的应用前景与未来研究方向进行了展望。本文为深入了解蓝细菌光合生理与代谢特点，特别是嗜热蓝细菌在高温适应机制方面的研究提供了参考。

Abstract:

Thermophilic cyanobacteria are prokaryotic organisms that possess exceptional heat-resistant characteristics. This group serves as an excellent model for investigating the heat tolerance of higher photosynthetic organisms, including higher plants, some protists (such as algae and euglena), and bacteria. Analyzing the mechanisms of high-temperature adaptation in thermophilic cyanobacteria can enhance our understanding of how photosynthetic organisms and microorganisms tolerate high temperatures at the molecular level. Additionally, these thermotolerant cyanobacteria have the potential to contribute to breeding heat-tolerant plants and developing microbial cell factories. This review summarizes current research on thermophilic cyanobacteria, focusing on their ecology, morphology, omics studies, and mechanisms of high-temperature tolerance. It offers insight into the potential biotechnological applications of thermophilic cyanobacteria and highlights future research opportunities. Specifically, attention is given to the photosynthetic physiology and metabolism of cyanobacteria, and the molecular basis of heat-tolerance mechanisms in thermophilic cyanobacteria is explored.