基于微流控芯片集成电阻抗传感在细胞检测中的研究进展

Research progress of integrating electrical impedance sensors with microfluidic chips in cell detection

摘要:

细胞培养技术是各种以细胞测定为基础进行生物学和临床前研究的基础性手段。细胞培养的相关测定，即培养期间细胞数量、活力和代谢活动的研究，可以反映各种培养条件下的细胞情况。传统细胞培养及检测手段存在试剂和样本消耗量大、无法实时监控细胞状态且难以对细胞微环境进行时空调节等问题。细胞阻抗传感器通过交流电流测量细胞的电阻抗变化，可实现实时监测细胞贴附、生长、增殖、迁移等细胞活动引起的阻抗特性变化。微流控芯片具有将复杂的生物过程缩小、集成多种分析模式以及实现检测的高度自动化等优点。利用微流控芯片与细胞阻抗传感的集成，可以大大提高细胞相关分析能力和效率。文中概括了基于微流体的阻抗传感器在2D和3D细胞体系中的应用，总结了其在细胞生长、增殖、活力、代谢活动以及药物筛选应用方面的研究进展，最后展望了未来发展趋势以及可能的挑战，为电阻抗传感集成微流控芯片在药物筛选领域的发展提供一些思路。

关键词:微流控;阻抗;生物传感;2D及3D细胞培养;药物筛选

Abstract:

Cell culture is a fundamental tool for cell-based assays in biological and preclinical research. The measurements of cell culture, including cell count, viability, and metabolic activity, can reflect the conditions of cells under culture conditions. The conventional cell culture and detection methods have problems such as high consumption of reagents and samples, inability to monitor cell status in real time, and difficulty in spatiotemporally adjusting the cell microenvironment. A cell impedance sensor measures changes in the electrical impedance of cells through alternating current, enabling real-time monitoring of impedance changes caused by cell activities such as attachment, growth, proliferation, and migration. Microfluidic chips are praised for reducing complex biological processes, integrating multiple analysis modes, and achieving high automation in detection. Integrating microfluidic chips with cell impedance sensors greatly improves the capability and efficiency of cell-related analysis. This review outlines the application of microfluidic chip-based impedance sensors in 2D and 3D cell systems and summarizes the research progress in application of such sensors in research on cell growth, proliferation, viability, metabolic activity, and drug screening. Finally, this review prospects the future development trends and possible challenges, providing ideas for the development of microfluidic chips integrated with electrical impedance sensors in drug screening.

Key words:microfluidic;impedance;biosensing;2D and 3D cell culture;drug screening