葡萄糖转运蛋白在淋巴细胞中的表达及对淋巴细胞功能的影响

Glucose transporters in lymphocytes: expression and effects on lymphocyte functions

摘要:

淋巴细胞的葡萄糖摄取依赖于葡萄糖转运蛋白家族(glucose transporters, GLUTs)中的易化性葡萄糖转运蛋白(GLUT1、GLUT3、GLUT4、GLUT6)和Na⁺偶联葡萄糖转运蛋白家族(Na⁺-coupled glucose transporters, SGLTs)中的SGLT1。GLUTs和SGLTs在哺乳动物细胞中广泛表达，其表达和功能可能会影响细胞的发育、稳态及激活和分化。本文详细介绍了几种GLUTs和SGLTs在淋巴细胞中的重要功能，指出葡萄糖转运蛋白在淋巴细胞能量供应中扮演的关键角色，以及在维持细胞内葡萄糖稳态的机制、改善免疫应答的效率和信号转导中的关键作用。深入揭示葡萄糖转运蛋白对淋巴细胞功能的影响将有助于进一步了解淋巴细胞在疾病中的作用机制。本文从分子生物学角度出发，展望葡萄糖转运蛋白在淋巴细胞中的潜在应用价值，以期为淋巴细胞相关疾病的临床治疗提供更好的策略，帮助针对性靶向治疗药物的研发。

Abstract:

Glucose uptake by lymphocytes is dependent on the facilitative glucose transporters (GLUT1, GLUT3, GLUT4, and GLUT6) of the GLUT family and the Na⁺-coupled glucose transporter SGLT1. GLUTs and SGLTs are widely expressed in mammals, and their expression and functions may affect cell development, homeostasis, activation, and differentiation. This article details the important functions of several GLUTs and SGLTs in lymphocytes and points out that glucose transporters play a key role in supplying energy for lymphocytes, maintaining intracellular glucose homeostasis, and improving the efficiency of immune responses, which reflect their key roles in signal transduction. Probing into the effects of glucose transporters on lymphocyte functions will help to decipher the functioning mechanisms of lymphocytes in diseases. Furthermore, this paper prospects the application values of glucose transporters in lymphocytes from molecular biology, aiming to provide better strategies for the clinical treatment of lymphocyte-related diseases and promote the research and development of targeted therapeutic drugs.