金黄色葡萄球菌生物被膜形成与耐药机制的研究进展

Advances in mechanisms of biofilm formation and drug resistance of Staphylococcus aureus

摘要:

金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)是一种常见的致病菌，但由于抗生素的滥用，多重耐药金黄色葡萄球菌(multiple drug-resistant S. aureus, DR S. aureus)大量出现，严重威胁人类健康。DR S. aureus通常具有生物被膜，它是细菌黏附于接触物表面，生长并分泌多糖、蛋白质和脂质等大分子物质，将其自身包裹其中而形成的具有复杂结构的聚集体，能够有效保护细菌免受外界不良因素影响。同时生物被膜还可保护DR S. aureus躲避宿主免疫系统的攻击并减弱药物的渗透和杀伤作用，是影响细菌耐药性的关键结构。因此深入认识DR S. aureus生物被膜的形成过程对治疗耐药菌相关感染疾病具有重要意义。本文综述了近年来关于DR S. aureus生物被膜的形成机制、耐药机理及抑制与清除策略的研究进展，并对未来的研究方向进行展望。

Abstract:

Staphylococcus aureus is a common pathogenic bacterium. However, due to the abuse of antibiotics, multiple drug-resistant S. aureus (DR S. aureus) has emerged in a large number, which seriously threatens human health. DR S. aureus usually forms biofilms by attaching on contact surfaces and secreting macromolecules including polysaccharides, proteins, and lipids, thus encasing themselves in a self-generated polymeric matrix. A biofilm provides an efficacious barrier that protects bacteria from detrimental environmental factors. Simultaneously, it protects DR S. aureus from the host immune system and attenuates the penetration and killing effects of drugs, serving as a key structure for the development of drug resistance. Therefore, gaining an in-depth understanding of the DR S. aureus biofilm is crucial for treating related infectious diseases. In this paper, we summarize recent research progress in the biofilm formation mechanism, drug resistance mechanism, and measures for inhibition and clearance of DR S. aureus and provide an outlook on the future research directions.