1,3-丙二醇的微生物合成：C6-C3-C1原料体系的转变

Microbial production of 1,3-propanediol: a transition of feedstocks from C6 to C3 and C1 carbon sources

摘要:

1,3-丙二醇(1,3-propanediol, 1,3-PDO)是一种具有广泛应用价值的二元醇化合物，可用于制造多种医药中间体、食品和化妆品，也是合成纤维材料聚对苯二甲酸丙二醇酯的关键单体。微生物转化葡萄糖等可再生原料合成1,3-PDO因具有环境友好、高效节能、安全可持续等优点，已实现产业化，是微生物化学品工厂设计与应用的成功案例。但是，粮食紧缺和气候变化等问题正在推动化学品生物制造的原料朝着非粮化、低成本、可持续的方向转变。微生物转化C3原料甘油合成1,3-PDO的研究已较为深入。近年来，以能量密度更高的甲醇等C1原料合成1,3-PDO也受到广泛关注，多条新的人工合成途径被创建并成功验证，为1,3-PDO可持续生物合成奠定了基础。本文重点从C6-C3-C1原料体系转变的角度综述了1,3-PDO的微生物合成研究进展，对不同原料体系下提升1,3-PDO合成效率的代谢途径改造策略进行了讨论，并对C1原料合成1,3-PDO的发展前景进行了展望。

Abstract:

1,3-propanediol (1,3-PDO) is an important diol with wide applications in the pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetics industries. In addition, 1,3-PDO serves as a crucial monomer in the synthesis of polytrimethylene terephthalate, an important synthetic fiber material. Microbial conversion of renewable resources such as glucose into 1,3-PDO has been industrialized due to its environmentally friendly, energy-efficient, safe, and sustainable characteristics. It serves as a successful case in the design and application of microbial cell factories for biochemicals. However, concerns such as food scarcity and climate change are driving the exploration of non-food, low-cost, and sustainable alternatives as biomanufacturing feedstocks. The biosynthesis of 1,3-PDO from the C3 feedstock glycerol by microorganisms has been well studied. In recent years, increasing attention has been paid to the synthesis of 1,3-PDO from C1 feedstocks such as methanol, which has higher energy density than glucose and glycerol. Several new artificial biosynthetic pathways have been proposed and validated, laying a foundation for the sustainable bioproduction of 1,3-PDO. This article reviews the feedstock transition from C6 to C3 and C1 carbon sources for the microbial synthesis of 1,3-PDO and discusses the strategies for reprogramming metabolic pathway to enhance 1,3-PDO biosynthesis from different feedstocks. Finally, the development prospects of 1,3-PDO bioproduction from C1 feedstocks are forecasted.