3D生物打印技术的分类评价及其应用于组织工程血管构建的研究进展

3D bioprinting: classification, evaluation, and application in vascular tissue engineering

摘要:

心血管疾病是一种常见的疾病，目前尚缺乏能够应用于冠脉搭桥手术的小口径人工血管。传统的组织工程血管支架制备技术在调节支架的孔径、几何形态和互连性方面上存在不足。3D生物打印技术能够模拟血管组织的天然结构，精确打印活细胞和生物材料，在纳米尺度上对支架的微观结构和孔隙率进行调控，为研发新型的组织工程血管提供了新思路。本文系统评价了3D生物打印技术的分类特点，深入探讨了3D生物打印技术在组织工程血管领域的最新研究进展，分析总结了其优点，同时指出此技术还存在较多问题需要解决，如血管材料的免疫排斥等，为其进一步的研究提供参考和借鉴。

Abstract:

Cardiovascular diseases are major diseases, and there is lack of artificial blood vessels with small diameters which can be applied in coronary artery bypass surgery. The conventional vascular scaffold preparation techniques in tissue engineering have shortcomings in regulating the diameter, geometric shape, and interconnectivity of the scaffold. 3D bioprinting can simulate the natural structure of the vascular tissue, accurately print live cells and biomaterials, and regulate the microstructure and porosity of scaffolds on the nanoscale, providing new ideas for vascular tissue engineering. This article systematically evaluates the classification of 3D bioprinting technologies and reviews the latest research progress of 3D bioprinting in vascular tissue engineering. It summarizes the advantages of 3D bioprinting and points out the problems that need to be solved, such as the immune rejection of blood vessel materials, providing reference for the further research.