高粱重要性状分子基础研究进展与展望

Progress and prospects in the molecular basic research on important traits in sorghum

摘要:

高粱是一种重要的粮食、能源、饲料和工业原料作物，具有广泛的生长适应性和多样的利用价值。在过去的几十年，传统育种方法在高粱育种中虽然取得了一定的成果，但如今仍然面临着一系列挑战，如育种周期长、育种效率低以及遗传背景复杂等。随着分子生物学、遗传学和生物信息学等技术的快速发展，分子育种技术开辟了提高高粱产量与品质的新途径。本文综述了包括高粱农艺性状和适应性性状等重要性状方面的分子基础研究进展，包括籽粒产量、籽粒品质、开花期和株高、分蘖特性、胁迫抗逆特性和雄性不育特性等，并对未来的重点研究方向进行了讨论，为高粱育种提供了新的思路和方法。

Abstract:

Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) is a significant crop serving food, energy, feed, and industrial raw materials, featuring extensive growth adaptability and diverse utility values. Despite the achievements in sorghum breeding in the last decades, conventional breeding methods still confront challenges such as lengthy breeding cycles, low efficiency, and complex genetic backgrounds. With the rapid advancement of molecular biology, genetics, and bioinformatics, molecular breeding has carved new pathways for enhancing sorghum yield and quality. This article reviews the molecular basic research progress in the key agronomic and adaptive traits of sorghum, including grain yield, grain quality, flowering time, plant height, tillering, stress resistance, and male sterility, and discusses future research priorities, offering novel insights and approaches for sorghum breeding.