纳米零价铁协同反硝化细菌去除硝酸盐的研究进展

Research progress of nanoscale zero-valent iron in synergistic combinations of denitrifying bacteria for nitrate removal

摘要:

硝酸盐(NO₃^–-N)是一种水体中常见的无机氮污染物，过量的NO₃^–-N会使水体富营养化并对人体健康构成威胁。纳米零价铁(nanoscale zero-valent iron,nZVI)因具有高比表面积并可作为优良电子供体，在NO₃^–-N去除方面备受关注。nZVI协同反硝化细菌(denitrifying bacteria,DNB)可高效地转化NO₃^–-N为氮气(N₂)，该方法不仅能显著提高NO₃^–-N的去除率，而且比传统的化学脱氮法更绿色环保，在NO₃^–-N污染治理中具有更大的应用潜力。因此，有必要深入认识nZVI协同DNB高效去除NO₃^–-N的互作机理。本文详细阐述了影响nZVI与DNB协同去除NO₃^–-N的相关因素，综述了nZVI协同DNB去除NO₃^–-N的最新研究进展，系统分析了nZVI与DNB协同去除NO₃^–-N相互作用机理，综合讨论了nZVI协同DNB高效去除NO₃^–-N所面临的挑战，并对未来的研究方向进行了展望，为开发更高效治理NO₃^–-N污染的方法提供了理论依据和参考。

关键词:纳米零价铁;硝酸盐;反硝化细菌;毒害作用;生物脱氮;微生物

Abstract:

Nitrate (NO₃^–-N) is a common inorganic nitrogen pollutant in water. Excessive NO₃^–-N can lead to water eutrophication and threaten human health. Nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) has attracted much attention in NO₃^–-N removal due to its high specific surface and excellent electron donor properties. The combination of nZVI and denitrifying bacteria (DNB) demonstrates high efficiency in converting NO₃^–-N into N₂. This approach not only substantially enhances the removal rate of NO₃^–-N but also exhibits superior environmental sustainability compared with conventional chemical denitrification methods. Accordingly, it holds substantial promise for mitigating NO₃^–-N pollution and warrants further exploration in the pollution control. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the interaction mechanism between nZVI and DNB for NO₃^–-N removal. This paper details the factors affecting the removal of NO₃^–-N by nZVI combined with DNB, reviews the latest research progress in this field, elaborates on the interaction mechanism between nZVI and DNB for NO₃^–-N removal, and discusses the challenges and future research directions of NO₃^–-N removal by nZVI combined with DNB. This review aims to provide a theoretical basis for the development of efficient approaches for the remediation of NO₃^–-N pollution.

Key words:nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI);nitrate (NO₃^–-N);denitrifying bacteria (DNB);toxicity;biological removal of nitrogen;microorganism