酿酒酵母对数生长后期代谢重构的全基因组表达谱芯片分析

Global Expression Profiling of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Metabolic Remodeling in Post-log Phase

摘要:

为了探讨酵母进入对数生长后期以后酒精生产速度降低的原因, 我们利用酵母表达谱芯片技术对酿酒酵母细胞从对数生长中期进入对数生长后期时的全基因组表达谱进行了分析, 发现酵母在对数生长中期的表达谱非常稳定, 而一旦进入对数生长后期, 则出现明显的代谢重构现象。许多氨基酸合成和代谢相关的基因、离子转移以及与能量的生成和储存等功能相关的基因出现了不同程度的上调; 而许多涉及酵母转座和DNA重组的基因则表达下调; 一些中心代谢途径也发生了代谢重构, 包括: 琥珀酸和a-酮戊二酸生成途径基因的一致上调, 都与氨基酸合成和代谢相关基因表达的结果相吻合。结果表明: 由于氨基酸合成的需求量增加, 进入对数生长后期酵母的代谢转向TCA循环和乙醛酸循环, 导致酒精的生产速率降低。

Abstract:

For the purpose of revealing the mechanism of the reduction of yeasts ethanol production rate after entrance of post-log phase, we used microarray to study expression profiles of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae during the transition from mid-log growth phase to post-log growth. The results demonstrate that the global pattern of gene expression is very stable during the mid-log phase. However, a dramatic metabolic remodeling was found when the yeast entries post-log phase, during which many of amino acid synthesis and metabolism related genes are up-regulated, moreover, ion transport, energy generation and storage related genes are also up regulated during this phase, while a large number of genes involved in transposition and DNA recombination are repressed. Central metabolic pathways also engage in metabolic remodeling, within which the genes involved in succinate and α-ketoglutarate synthesis pathways are up regulated, accordance with those of amino acid synthesis and metabolism. These results demonstrate that the increasing demand for amino acids in post-log phase lead to a metabolic transition into TCA cycle and glyoxylate cycle, which subsequently reduce the ethanol production rate. This suggests a global insight into the process of yeast ethanol fermentation.