真菌降解木质纤维素的功能基因组学研究进展

Progress in lignocellulose deconstruction by fungi

摘要:

木质纤维素利用的核心问题之一是生物质的降解，即如何将生物质由高聚大分子降解为可发酵的小分子糖，又称为糖化。自然界中向胞外大量分泌降解生物质酶类的微生物主要是真菌，研究真菌木质纤维素降解途径的分子机理对生物质的综合利用意义重大，是木质纤维素能否实现全面生物炼制的关键之一。以下将针对真菌降解木质纤维素的研究进展，特别是对利用功能基因组学所取得的进展进行评述。

Abstract:

Inefficient degradation of lignocellulose is one of the main barriers for the utilization of renewable plant biomass for biofuel production. The bottleneck of the biorefinery process is the generation of fermentable sugars from complicated biomass polymers. In nature, the main microbes of lignocelluloses deconstruction are fungi. Therefore, elucidating the mechanism of lignocelluloses degradation by fungi is of critical importance for the commercialization of lignocellulosic biofuels. This review focuses on the progress in lignocelluloses degradation pathways in fungi, especially on the advances made by functional genomics studies.