产电微生物的筛选方法研究进展

Research progress in screening method of exoelectrogens

摘要:

产电微生物是一类具有胞外电子转移能力的微生物，能够将有机物中储存的化学能转化为电能，其作为微生物电催化系统的催化剂，已经成为环境和能源领域的研究热点。但目前所发现的产电菌，产电机制有所差异，产电能力参差不齐，菌株的性能从根本上影响了其产电能力，其产电能力不足成为限制微生物燃料电池在工业上广泛应用的主要瓶颈。目前，通过理性设计或定向进化等改造方法，难以实现产电微生物在复杂多样环境中的广泛应用。通过定向筛选策略，建立一套快速、高效的筛选鉴定技术，挖掘环境中性能优异的产电微生物，是促进其广泛应用的有效途径。文中基于产电微生物的种类，总结回顾了现有的产电微生物的筛选鉴定方法，并对其研究前景进行了展望。

Abstract:

Exoelectrogens are promising for a wide variety of potential applications in the areas of environment and energy, which convert chemical energy from organic matter into electrical energy by extracellular electrons transfer (EET). Microorganisms with different mechanisms and EET efficiencies have been elucidated. However, the practical applications of exoelectrogens are limited by their fundamental features. At present, it is difficult to realize the extensive application of exoelectrogens in complex and diverse environments by means of traditional engineering strategies such as rational design and directed evolution. The exoelectrogens with excellent performance in environments can be screened with efficient strain identification technologies, which promote the widespread applications of exoelectrogens. The aims of this review are to summarize the methods of screening based on different types of exoelectrogens, and to outline future research directions of strain screening.