基于CRISPR/Cas系统的黑曲霉基因组编辑技术

CRISPR/Cas-based genome editing in Aspergillus niger

摘要:

黑曲霉Aspergillus niger是有机酸与酶制剂的重要工业生产菌株，以极端环境耐受性、高生产经济性、强发酵鲁棒性与高食品安全性等优势成为不可多得的细胞工厂。合成生物学与系统生物学的快速发展，不仅拉开了全面揭示黑曲霉细胞工厂高效运转机制的序幕，而且为高效黑曲霉细胞工厂的创建优化提供了新技术体系。作为新一代的基因组编辑技术，基于CRISPR/Cas系统的基因组编辑技术为黑曲霉基因组定向改造与基因表达调控带来了革命性突破。本文重点综述该技术在黑曲霉中的最新进展及其在黑曲霉基因编辑与表达调控中的应用，并对其未来发展方向进行展望。

Abstract:

Aspergillus niger is a vital industrial workhouse widely used for the production of organic acids and industrial enzymes. This fungus is a crucial cell factory due to its innate tolerance to a diverse range of abiotic conditions, high production titres, robust growth during industrial scale fermentation, and status as a generally recognized as safe (GRAS) organism. Rapid development of synthetic biology and systems biology not only offer powerful approaches to unveil the molecular mechanisms of A. niger productivity, but also provide more new strategies to construct and optimize the A. niger cell factory. As a new generation of genome editing technology, the Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR associated (Cas) system brings a revolutionary breakthrough in targeted genome modification for A. niger. In this review, we focus on current advances to the CRISPR/Cas genome editing toolbox, its application on gene modification and gene expression regulation in this fungal. Moreover, the future directions of CRISPR/Cas genome editing in A. niger are highlighted.