宏基因组及培养组学技术在粪菌移植中的应用

Application of metagenomic and culturomic technologies in fecal microbiota transplantation: a review

摘要:

粪菌移植技术（fecal microbiota transplantation，FMT）是利用健康人群的粪便或经过处理的粪便中的微生物来治疗消化、代谢等系统诸多疾病的一项古老而又新兴的技术。宏基因组、培养组等肠道微生物组前沿研究技术的飞速发展，为粪菌移植治疗疾病提供了强有力的研究和临床实践武器。宏基因组技术可全面揭示健康及疾病状态下肠道微生态的组成及功能变化，而培养组学技术则可以用来分离和鉴定人类肠道中的诸多在常规培养条件下未可培养菌，两项技术联用不仅可以使我们更为深入地理解粪菌移植在临床实践中的因果规律，还将有力推动粪菌移植技术在未来的应用与发展。基于此，本文综述了宏基因组及培养组学技术在粪菌移植中的应用及未来发展趋势。

关键词:粪菌移植;宏基因组;培养组学;微生物组;益生菌

Abstract:

Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) refers to using the intestinal microorganisms present in the feces or processed feces from healthy people for treating various types of diseases, such as digestive and metabolic diseases. The rapid development of metagenomic and culturomic technologies in gut microbiome analysis provides powerful tools for the FMT research and its clinical applications. Metagenomics technologies comprehensively revealed the diversity and functions of gut microbiota under health and disease conditions, while culturomics technologies helped isolation and identification of "unculturable" bacteria in the human gut under conventional culture conditions. The combination of these two technologies not only enabled us better understand the FMT regularities of cause and effect in clinical practices, but also effectively promoted its applications. Considering the above advantages, this article summarized the applications of metagenomics and culturomics technologies in FMT and prospected its future development trend.

Key words:fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT);metagenomics;culturomics;microbiome;probiotics