合成生物学：从“造物致用”到产业转化

Synthetic biology: from “build-for-use” to commercialization

摘要:

“合成生物学”在生命科学研究中汇聚了工程、物理、化学、数学、计算机等学科的进展，采用工程科学的研究理念，对生物体进行有目标地设计、改造乃至重新合成，甚至创建赋予非自然功能的“人造生命”，推动了从认识生命到设计生命的跨越，正在引领产业技术变革和生物经济可持续发展。本文结合中国科学院天津工业生物技术研究所作为我国合成生物学领域重要代表成立十年来的发展，聚焦“造物致用”，简要回顾和梳理了国内外合成生物学的重要科技进展与产业发展状况，并展望分析了我国合成生物学的未来发展。

Abstract:

The convergence of advances in chemistry, physics, mathematics, computer science, and engineering into life science research gives rise to synthetic biology. Synthetic biology adopts the concept and strategy of engineering science research, aiming at redesigning and reprogramming the existing biological systems, designing and constructing new bio-bricks such as enzymatic parts, genetic circuits, and chassis cells, or even creating non-natural functions of “artificial life”. Synthetic biology promotes the leap from understanding of life to design of life, and is revolutionizing biotechnology and sustainable development of bioeconomy. Via this retrospective review of Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, the most representative research entity focusing on “build-for-use” of synthetic biology in China, this article summarizes the important scientific and technological breakthroughs and industry impacts in the past decade, and prospects future development of synthetic biology in China.