二氧化碳人工生物转化

Artificial bioconversion of carbon dioxide

摘要:

二氧化碳(carbon dioxide, CO₂)资源化利用是全球可持续发展面临的巨大挑战。自然界生物固碳绿色环保，但能效低、速度慢，难以满足工业生产需求；物理化学固碳效率高，但能耗高、产品单一，如何结合生物、物理与化学技术优势，以二氧化碳为原料进行生物转化利用是当前迫切需要解决的科技难题。本文结合中国科学院天津工业生物技术研究所建所10年来的发展，综述了人工固碳元件、途径与系统的设计与构建等前沿基础领域取得的重要进展，特别是首次实现二氧化碳人工合成淀粉，并对建立二氧化碳人工生物转化技术体系进行了展望。相关进展与展望为助力实现“碳达峰、碳中和”目标提供了新思路。

Abstract:

Utilization of carbon dioxide (CO₂) is a huge challenge for global sustainable development. Biological carbon fixation occurs in nature, but the low energy efficiency and slow speed hamper its commercialization. Physical-chemical carbon fixation is efficient, but relies on high energy consumption and often generates unwanted by-products. Combining the advantages of biological, physical and chemical technologies for efficient utilization of CO₂ remains to be an urgent scientific and technological challenge to be addressed. Here, based on the development of Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences in the past decade, we summarize the important progress in the design and construction of functional parts, pathways and systems for artificial bioconversion of carbon dioxide, including the breakthrough on the artificial synthesis of starch from CO₂. Moreover, we prospect how to further develop the technologies for artificial bioconversion of carbon dioxide. These progress and perspectives provide new insight for achieving the goal of “carbon peaking and carbon neutrality”.