碳一气体生物转化中的产乙酸菌改造与发酵工艺优化

Genetic modification of acetogens and optimization of fermentation process in C1-gas bioconversion

摘要:

当前的线性经济发展模式依赖化石能源且增加二氧化碳的排放，加剧全球变暖和环境污染。因此，亟需开发碳捕获和利用的技术，建立循环经济。利用产乙酸菌进行碳一气体(一氧化碳和二氧化碳)转化是一项前景广阔的技术，具有较高的碳源灵活性和产物选择性，能够合成多种化学品和燃料。本文聚焦产乙酸菌在碳一气体转化过程中的生理代谢机制、遗传和代谢工程改造、发酵工艺优化以及提升碳原子经济性等方面的研究进展，以期为产乙酸菌气体发酵的工业规模放大及“负碳”生产提供参考。

关键词:产乙酸菌;碳一气体;微生物发酵;基因工程;发酵工艺

Abstract:

The current linear economy model relies on fossil energy and increases CO₂ emissions, which contributes to global warming and environmental pollution. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop and deploy technologies for carbon capture and utilization to establish a circular economy. The use of acetogens for C1-gas (CO and CO₂) conversion is a promising technology due to high metabolic flexibility, product selectivity, and diversity of the products including chemicals and fuels. This review focuses on the physiological and metabolic mechanisms, genetic and metabolic engineering modifications, fermentation process optimization, and carbon atom economy in the process of C1-gas conversion by acetogens, with the aim to facilitate the industrial scale-up and carbon negative production through acetogen gas fermentation.

Key words:acetogens;single carbon gas;microbial fermentation;genetic engineering;fermentation process