萜类化合物微生物合成中酶工程的研究进展与展望

Enzyme engineering in microbial biosynthesis of terpenoids: progress and perspectives

摘要:

萜类化合物以其结构与功能的多样性而闻名，在食品、化妆品、洗涤用品中广泛应用。微生物合成是萜类化合物绿色可持续生产的方式之一，近年来备受关注。然而，参与萜类物质合成的天然酶存在催化活性低、特异性差、稳定性不足等问题，限制了萜类化合物的微生物生产效率。酶工程是酶蛋白结构及功能改造优化的重要手段。近年来研究人员通过使用不同的酶工程策略，使萜类合成相关酶的活性、选择性、稳定性得到了明显提升，为萜类化合物的可持续生产提供有力支持。本文综述了近年来微生物合成萜类物质关键酶改造的工程策略，包括提高酶活性、稳定性、改变特异性以及多酶协同促进传质等；同时展望了酶工程技术在萜类微生物合成中面临的挑战及未来发展方向。

关键词:萜类化合物;微生物合成;酶工程;酶改造;萜类合酶

Abstract:

Terpenoids, known for their structural and functional diversity, are highly valued, especially in food, cosmetics, and cleaning products. Microbial biosynthesis has emerged as a sustainable and environmentally friendly approach for the production of terpenoids. However, the natural enzymes involved in the synthesis of terpenoids have problems such as low activity, poor specificity, and insufficient stability, which limit the biosynthesis efficiency. Enzyme engineering plays a pivotal role in the microbial synthesis of terpenoids. By modifying the structures and functions of key enzymes, researchers have significantly improved the catalytic activity, specificity, and stability of enzymes related to terpenoid synthesis, providing strong support for the sustainable production of terpenoids. This article reviews the strategies for the modification of key enzymes in microbial synthesis of terpenoids, including improving enzyme activity and stability, changing specificity, and promoting mass transfer through multi-enzyme collaboration. Additionally, this article looks forward to the challenges and development directions of enzyme engineering in the microbial synthesis of terpenoids.

Key words:terpenoids;microbial synthesis;enzyme engineering;enzyme modification;terpene synthases