利用酵母细胞工厂合成丁二酸的研究进展

Advances in synthesis of succinic acid using yeast cell factories

摘要:

丁二酸(又称琥珀酸)是一种重要的C4平台化合物，可作为1,4-丁二醇、四氢呋喃以及生物可降解塑料聚丁二酸丁二醇酯(polybutylene succinate, PBS)的生产原料。与传统的以顺酐为原料的石化基路线相比，采用微生物发酵法生产丁二酸不仅具有更高的经济可持续性，同时也展现出更佳的环境友好性。酵母具有良好的耐酸性，能够实现丁二酸的低pH发酵，从而大幅降低产物提取成本。因此，通过代谢工程改造构建高产丁二酸酵母菌株受到越来越多的关注。本文系统介绍了丁二酸的应用价值及其市场规模，总结了微生物中参与丁二酸合成的途径及其关键酶，详细阐述了利用酵母细胞工厂合成丁二酸的最新研究进展，同时还展示了酵母工程菌株以甘油、乙酸、木质纤维素水解液等非粮原料为底物进行丁二酸合成的现状，最后对基于酵母细胞工厂的低pH丁二酸生物制造进行了展望。

Abstract:

Succinic acid is an important C4 platform compound that serves as a raw material for the production of 1,4-butanediol, tetrahydrofuran, and biodegradable plastics such as polybutylene succinate (PBS). Compared to the traditional petrochemical-based route that uses maleic anhydride as a raw material, the microbial fermentation method for producing succinic acid offers more sustainable economic value and environmental friendliness. Yeasts with good acid tolerance can achieve low-pH fermentation of succinic acid, significantly reducing the cost of product extraction. Therefore, constructing high-yield succinic acid yeast strains through metabolic engineering has garnered increasing attention. This paper systematically introduced the application value and market size of succinic acid, summarized the pathways and key enzymes involved in succinic acid synthesis in microorganisms, and elaborated on the latest research progress in the synthesis of succinic acid using yeast cell factories. It also presented the current status of succinic acid synthesis using non-food raw materials such as glycerol, acetic acid, lignocellulosic hydrolysate, and others as substrates by engineered yeast strains. Finally, the paper provided a prospect for low-pH succinic acid biomanufacturing based on yeast cell factories.