葡萄糖和木糖高效共利用代谢工程研究进展

Metabolic engineering for the efficient co-utilization of glucose and xylose

摘要:

利用可再生生物质高效生产化学品是可持续生物制造的重要途径。木质纤维素来源广泛且可再生，被认为是极具潜力的第二代生物炼制原料，木质纤维素水解物中混合糖的高效共发酵被认为是降低产品成本的关键途径之一。然而，大多数微生物由于碳源阻遏效应会优先消耗葡萄糖而非木糖，严重制约了木质纤维素转化效率。因此，开发能够同时利用葡萄糖和木糖的微生物平台对工业规模生产至关重要。本文综述了基于代谢工程策略促进微生物高效共利用葡萄糖和木糖的关键方法和研究实例，包括葡萄糖抑制缓解、木糖跨膜转运途径改造、木糖代谢途径构建和定向进化等策略。

关键词:微生物;木质纤维素;生物炼制;木糖;代谢工程

Abstract:

Microbial production of chemicals from renewable biomass has emerged as a crucial route for sustainable bio-manufacturing. Lignocellulose with a renewable property and wide sources is supposed to be a promising feedstock for the second-generation biorefinery. The efficient co-utilization of mixed sugars from lignocellulosic hydrolysates represents one of the key challenges in reducing the production cost. However, most microorganisms prefer glucose over xylose due to carbon catabolite repression, which constrains the efficiency of lignocellulosic conversion. Therefore, developing the microbial platforms capable of simultaneously utilizing glucose and xylose is paramount for economically viable industrial-scale production. This article reviews the key strategies and studies of metabolic engineering for promoting efficient co-utilization of glucose and xylose by microorganisms. The representative strategies include relieving glucose repression, enhancing xylose transport, constructing xylose metabolic pathways, and directed evolution.

Key words:microorganisms;lignocellulose;biorefinery;xylose;metabolic engineering