微生物利用乙酸为原料合成化学品的研究进展

Advances in microbial synthesis of chemicals using with acetate as a substrate

摘要:

利用微生物细胞工厂高效生产目标化学品因具有原料可再生、生产过程清洁高效、反应条件温和等优点，已成为工业可持续发展的重要方向。目前微生物细胞工厂主要以葡萄糖、甘油为碳源，导致“与人争粮、与粮争地”的尴尬局面，限制了微生物制造产业的快速发展。而乙酸作为非粮碳源，可规避上述问题，且来源广泛(如工业废料、生物质转化等)，因此成为微生物合成化学品的理想替代碳源。本文从4个维度系统性评价了乙酸作为微生物碳源用于合成化学品的潜力：能利用乙酸的微生物、强化乙酸利用的代谢工程策略、耐受高浓度乙酸的提升方法以及利用乙酸合成的化学品。在此基础上，分析了微生物细胞工厂利用乙酸面临的主要挑战并展望了未来的发展方向，为乙酸基生物制造技术的深入研究与产业化应用提供了理论指导。

Abstract:

The efficient production of target chemicals by microbial cell factories, characterized by renewable raw materials, clean and efficient production processes, and mild reaction conditions, has been established as a significant direction for sustainable industrial development. Currently, microbial cell factories primarily use glucose and glycerol as carbon sources, which compete with humans for grain and compete with grain for land, restricting the rapid development of the microbial manufacturing industry. As a non-grain carbon source, acetate can avoid the aforementioned issues and is widely sourced from industrial waste and biomass conversion, and thus it has become an ideal alternative carbon source for the microbial synthesis of chemicals. This paper systematically evaluates the potential of acetate as a microbial carbon source for the synthesis of chemicals from four dimensions: microorganisms capable of utilizing acetate, metabolic engineering strategies to enhance the utilization of acetate, methods to improve tolerance to high concentrations of acetate, and the chemicals that can be synthesized from acetate. Furthermore, this paper analyzes the main challenges faced by microbial cell factories in utilizing acetate and envisions the future development directions, providing theoretical guidance for the in-depth research and industrial application of acetate-based biomanufacturing technologies.