植物合成生物学技术与天然产物合成

Plant synthetic biology technologies and natural product biosynthesis

摘要:

合成生物学作为21世纪生命科学的重要前沿，正加速推动研究体系从单细胞微生物向多细胞高等植物的拓展。植物合成生物学通过对遗传元件、调控模块和代谢通路的模块化设计与重构，实现对复杂生命系统的理性设计与功能再造。本文梳理了植物合成生物学的研究基础及其重要应用方向，重点探讨了启动子合成、基因组编辑技术的发展以及基因回路的设计等，并聚焦其在天然产物合成领域的应用前景。同时，本文分析了植物合成生物学当前面临的主要挑战，并对其未来发展趋势进行了展望。

Abstract:

Synthetic biology, as a pivotal frontier in 21st-century life sciences, is accelerating the expansion of engineering principles from unicellular microbes to multicellular higher plants. Plant synthetic biology aims to rationally design and reconstruct complex biological functions through the modular assembly of genetic elements, regulatory components, and metabolic pathways. This review outlines the foundational research landscape and major application directions of plant synthetic biology, with a particular focus on recent advances in synthetic promoters and regulatory elements, precision genome editing technologies, and the design of programmable gene circuits. Moreover, we highlight the transformative potential of plant synthetic biology in natural product biosynthesis. In addition to summarizing technological progress, this article critically examines current challenges facing the field and provides perspectives on future development trends of plant synthetic biology.