利用离体诱变培育花生新品种宇花4号

Breeding of peanut variety Yuhua 4 by in vitro mutagenesis

摘要:

为了丰富花生遗传资源，开拓新的育种方法，本研究对离体诱变创造花生新种质、培育花生新品种进行了研究。利用花生品种花育20号胚小叶作为外植体，平阳霉素 (PYM) 作为诱变剂进行离体诱变培养，然后在含有羟脯氨酸 (HYP) 的培养基上进行定向筛选，最终获得了15个再生小苗。再生小苗经嫁接移栽田间，从后代中获得了23个高油株系，3个产量显著提高的品系，其中一个高产高油品系2015年通过了安徽省新品种登记鉴定，定名为宇花4号，在参试的品种中名列第一，比对照白沙1016增产16.63%。宇花4号为早熟、小粒、高油花生品种，经农业部油料及制品质量监督检验测试中心 (武汉) 化验，籽仁含油率达56.10%，达到高油标准，比诱变亲本花育20号 (含油率49.50%) 高6.6个百分点，荚果产量比花育20号增产15%以上。本研究结果表明，离体诱变结合离体定向筛选是创造花生新种质、培育新品种的有效途径。

Abstract:

The embryonic leaflets of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) variety Huayu 20 were used as explants and pingyangmycin as a mutagen to induce somatic embryos. Four weeks after the inoculation, the survived explants were transferred to somatic embryo germination medium containing screening reagent hydroxyproline, and finally 15 regenerated plants were obtained. Pedigree breeding method was used during the following selection breeding, and three lines with significantly increased yield and 23 lines with high oil content were obtained from these mutant?offsprings. The line with both high yield and high oil content has passed peanut variety multi-location in Anhui province and was named “Yuhua 4”. Its yield was 16.63% higher than that of the control variety Baisha 1016, ranking the first in all the testing varieties. Yuhua 4 showed the characteristics of early maturity, small pod and high oil content. The oil content of kernels was 56.10%, higher than that of original parent Huayu 20 with 49.50% oil content, tested by the Ministry of Agriculture of Oil and Products Quality Supervision, Inspection and Test Center (Wuhan), and the yield was 15% higher than that of Huayu 20. It was concluded that in vitro mutagenesis and target screening was an effective way on creating new germplasm and breeding new variety in peanut.