酵母中甾醇定向存储转运及理性强化技术研究进展

Reinforcement of sterols production through directed storage and transportation in yeast: a review

摘要:

甾醇是一种环戊烷多氢菲衍生物，是真核细胞的重要生物膜组分，具有多种生物学活性，是食品、制药等行业的重要原料。酿酒酵母具有天然的麦角甾醇合成途径，是实现甾醇类衍生物从头合成的理想底盘细胞。近年来，细胞器的理性改造技术为实现目标产物的定向存储、转运并最终为产物的合成强化提供了新的理性改造策略。文中重点阐述了酿酒酵母细胞在不同生理胁迫下甾醇合成及转运的反馈应激表型及相关的分子作用机理，指出构建酵母细胞中甾醇的定向存储、转运及胞外分泌途径的人工强化途径是突破酵母细胞甾醇合成极限的新策略。

Abstract:

Sterols, a class of cyclopentane poly-hydrophenanthrene derivatives, are the predominant membrane constituent of eukaryotes. These substances have a variety of biological activities and have been widely used in food and pharmaceutical industries. The presence of endogenous ergosterol biosynthetic pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells make it an ideal chassis for the de novo synthesis of sterol and its derivatives. Most recently, the rational modification of organelles provides a novel strategy for the directed transportation and storage of target products and the ultimate enhanced product synthesis. This review summarizes the phenotypic responses of S. cerevisiae cells upon different physiological stimulations and the underlying molecular mechanisms. Reinforcement of sterol production through directed storage, transportation, and excretion of sterols offers a novel strategy for breaking the limitation of de novo biosynthesis of sterols in yeast.