CRISPR传感检测技术的研究进展

Advances in CRISPR sensing and detection technology

摘要:

CRISPR传感检测技术具有便宜、简单、便携、高灵敏和高特异等优点，被称为“下一代分子诊断技术”。由于CRISPR-Cas系统具有特异的识别、顺式切割和非特异性的反式切割能力，已经实现了对DNA和RNA等核酸靶标以及蛋白质、外泌体、细胞和小分子等非核酸靶标的检测。为了解不同CRISPR传感检测技术的优势和发展历程，促进该技术的发展和应用，本文根据不同Cas蛋白的活性特征，对目前的CRISPR传感检测技术进行了分类总结，并在此基础上根据检测的靶标类型，依次总结了各种CRISPR传感检测技术的应用情况，以期为开发新型CRISPR传感检测技术提供参考。

Abstract:

The CRISPR sensing and detection technology has the advantages of cheap, simple, portable, high sensitivity, and high specificity, therefore is regarded as the “next-generation molecular diagnostic technology”. Due to the specific recognition, cis-cleavage and nonspecific trans-cleavage capabilities, CRISPR-Cas systems have been implemented for the detection of nucleic acid targets (DNA and RNA) as well as non-nucleic acid targets (e.g., proteins, exosomes, cells, and small molecules). This review summarizes the current CRISPR sensing and detection technologies in terms of the activity characteristics of different Cas proteins, with the aim to understand the advantages and development history of different CRISPR sensing and detection technologies, as well as promote its development and application. Moreover, this review summarizes the applications of various CRISPR sensing and detection technologies according to the types of detection targets, hoping to facilitate the development of novel CRISPR sensing detection technology.