植物半纤维素合成修饰与细胞壁遗传改良

Hemicellulose modification and cell wall genetic improvement in plants

摘要:

半纤维素作为植物细胞壁的主要成分，约占其干物质量的1/3，是自然界中除纤维素以外含量最丰富的再生生物质资源。半纤维素在植物细胞壁中与纤维素、木质素等组分紧密交联，形成了顽固的抗降解屏障。通过精准遗传改良植物细胞壁结构与特性，可以在保证植物正常生长发育的前提下，大幅提高木质纤维素降解效率。本文主要综述了半纤维素在植物细胞壁中的结构分布、半纤维素与细胞壁其他组分的交联方式，以及半纤维素合成修饰对细胞壁降解效率的影响，为能源作物的遗传改良提供了参考。

关键词:细胞壁;半纤维素;遗传改良;降解效率

Abstract:

Hemicellulose, as a primary component of plant cell walls, constitutes approximately one third of cell wall dry matter and ranks as the second abundant renewable biomass resource in the nature after cellulose. Hemicellulose is tightly cross-linked with cellulose, lignin and other components in the plant cell wall, leading to lignocellulose recalcitrance. However, precise genetic modifications of plant cell walls can significantly improve the saccharification efficiency of lignocellulose while ensuring normal plant growth and development. We comprehensively review the research progress in the structural distribution of hemicellulose in plant cell walls, the cross-linking between hemicellulose and other components of the cell wall, and the impact of hemicellulose modification on the saccharification efficiency of the cell wall, proving a reference for the genetic improvement of energy crops.

Key words:cell wall;hemicellulose;genetic improvement;degradation efficiency