微生物光电反硝化技术的研究进展

Progress in microbial photoelectrotrophic denitrification

摘要:

微生物反硝化过程是水体氮素去除的主要途径，然而当水体中缺乏微生物可利用的有机物作为电子供体时，反硝化过程往往难以进行。部分反硝化菌可以直接利用太阳光激发半导体矿物质或天然有机质产生的光电子进行反硝化而无需生物可利用有机物作为电子供体，这种微生物光电营养代谢驱动的反硝化过程简称微生物光电反硝化。微生物光电反硝化现象的发现打破了以往对反硝化菌化能异养营养模式的认知，拓宽了反硝化菌的光电能营养代谢新模式及脱氮新路径，对认识和探索太阳光驱动的氮循环过程具有重要意义。本文全面梳理了微生物光电反硝化领域已有的研究报道，系统总结了微生物光电反硝化技术的原理及目前的研究进展，深入分析了该技术存在的问题及面临的挑战，并对该技术未来的研究方向和应用前景进行了展望，为该技术的进一步研究和应用提供了参考。

Abstract:

Microbial denitrification is a major pathway for nitrogen removal from water bodies. However, denitrification is often difficult to continue when there is a lack of microbially available organic matter in the water body to serve as electron donors. In recent years, studies have shown that some denitrifying bacteria can directly utilize photoelectrons generated by sunlight-excited semiconductor minerals or natural organic matter for denitrification without the need for bioavailable organic matter as electron donors. This process is defined as microbial photoelectrotrophic denitrification. The discovery of microbial photoelectrotrophic denitrification phenomenon reshapes the previous knowledge about the chemoheterotrophic mode of denitrifying bacteria and broadens the pathway of nitrogen removal by the new photoelectrotrophic metabolism, which is of great significance to our understanding and exploration of sunlight-driven nitrogen cycling process. In this paper, we comprehensively sort out the existing research reports in the field of microbial photoelectrotrophic denitrification, systematically summarize the principle and the current research progress of microbial photoelectrotrophic denitrification, deeply analyze the problems and challenges faced by this technology, and make an outlook on the future research directions and application prospects of this technology, providing a reference for the further research and application of this technology.